292 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
292 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
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:Base clr.hlp>main
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:Title Open Watcom 1.9 C Language Reference
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:Index Open Watcom 1.9 C Language Reference Help=clr.hlp
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1 Open Watcom 1.9 C Language Reference
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2 Introduction to C
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2 Introduction=Introduction_to_C
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2 History=History
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2 Uses=Uses
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2 Advantages=Advantages
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2 How to Use This Book=How_to_Use_This_Book
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2 Notation
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2 Introduction=Notation
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2 Basic Language Elements
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2 Introduction=Basic_Language_Elements
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3 Character Sets
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3 Introduction=Character_Sets
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3 Multibyte Characters=Multibyte_Characters
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2 Keywords=Keywords
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2 Identifiers=Identifiers
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2 Comments=Comments
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2 Basic Types
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2 Introduction=Basic_Types
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2 Declarations of Objects=Declarations_of_Objects
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2 Name Scope=Name_Scope
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2 Type Specifiers=Type_Specifiers
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2 Integer Types=Integer_Types
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2 Floating-Point Types=FloatingMPoint_Types
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2 Enumerated Types=Enumerated_Types
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2 Arrays=Arrays
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2 Strings=Strings
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2 Constants
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2 Introduction=Constants
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2 Integer Constants=Integer_Constants
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2 Floating-Point Constants=FloatingMPoint_Constants
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3 Character Constants
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3 Introduction=Character_Constants
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3 Wide Character Constants=Wide_Character_Constants
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3 String Literals
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3 Introduction=String_Literals
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3 Wide String Literals=Wide_String_Literals
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2 Type Conversion
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2 Introduction=Type_Conversion
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2 Integral Promotion=Integral_Promotion
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2 Signed and Unsigned Integer Conversion=Signed_and_Unsigned_Integer_Conversion
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2 Floating-Point to Integer Conversion=FloatingMPoint_to_Integer_Conversion
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2 Integer to Floating-Point Conversion=Integer_to_FloatingMPoint_Conversion
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2 Arithmetic Conversion=Arithmetic_Conversion
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2 Default Argument Promotion=Default_Argument_Promotion
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2 Advanced Types
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2 Introduction=Advanced_Types
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3 Structures
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3 Introduction=Structures
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3 Bit-fields=BitMfields
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2 Unions=Unions
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3 Pointers
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3 Introduction=Pointers
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4 Special Pointer Types for Open Watcom C/16
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4 Introduction=Special_Pointer_Types_for_Open_Watcom_CD16
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4 The Small and Big Code Models=The_Small_and_Big_Code_Models
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4 The Small and Big Data Models=The_Small_and_Big_Data_Models
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4 Mixing Memory Models=Mixing_Memory_Models
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4 The _ _far Keyword for Open Watcom C/16=The____far_Keyword_for_Open_Watcom_CD16
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4 The _ _near Keyword for Open Watcom C/16=The____near_Keyword_for_Open_Watcom_CD16
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4 The _ _huge Keyword for Open Watcom C/16=The____huge_Keyword_for_Open_Watcom_CD16
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4 Special Pointer Types for Open Watcom C/32
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4 Introduction=Special_Pointer_Types_for_Open_Watcom_CD32
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4 The _ _far Keyword for Open Watcom C/32=The____far_Keyword_for_Open_Watcom_CD32
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4 The _ _near Keyword for Open Watcom C/32=The____near_Keyword_for_Open_Watcom_CD32
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4 The _ _far16 and _Seg16 Keywords=The____far16_and__Seg16_Keywords
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4 Based Pointers for Open Watcom C/16 and C/32
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4 Introduction=Based_Pointers_for_Open_Watcom_CD16_and_CD32
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4 Segment Constant Based Pointers and Objects=Segment_Constant_Based_Pointers_and_Objects
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4 Segment Object Based Pointers=Segment_Object_Based_Pointers
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4 Void Based Pointers=Void_Based_Pointers
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4 Self Based Pointers=Self_Based_Pointers
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2 Void=Void
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2 The const and volatile Declarations=The_const_and_volatile_Declarations
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2 Storage Classes
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2 Introduction=Storage_Classes
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3 Type Definitions
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3 Introduction=Type_Definitions
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3 Compatible Types=Compatible_Types
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3 Static Storage Duration
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3 Introduction=Static_Storage_Duration
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3 The static Storage Class=The_static_Storage_Class
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3 The extern Storage Class=The_extern_Storage_Class
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3 Automatic Storage Duration
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3 Introduction=Automatic_Storage_Duration
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3 The auto Storage Class=The_auto_Storage_Class
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3 The register Storage Class=The_register_Storage_Class
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2 Initialization of Objects
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2 Introduction=Initialization_of_Objects
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2 Initialization of Scalar Types=Initialization_of_Scalar_Types
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2 Initialization of Arrays=Initialization_of_Arrays
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2 Initialization of Structures=Initialization_of_Structures
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2 Initialization of Unions=Initialization_of_Unions
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2 Uninitialized Objects=Uninitialized_Objects
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2 Expressions
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2 Introduction=Expressions
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2 Lvalues=Lvalues
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2 Primary Expressions=Primary_Expressions
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3 Postfix Operators
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3 Introduction=Postfix_Operators
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3 Array Subscripting=Array_Subscripting
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3 Function Calls=Function_Calls
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3 Structure and Union Members=Structure_and_Union_Members
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3 Post-Increment and Post-Decrement=PostMIncrement_and_PostMDecrement
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3 Unary Operators
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3 Introduction=Unary_Operators
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3 Pre-Increment and Pre-Decrement Operators=PreMIncrement_and_PreMDecrement_Operators
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3 Address-of and Indirection Operators=AddressMof_and_Indirection_Operators
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3 Unary Arithmetic Operators=Unary_Arithmetic_Operators
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3 The sizeof Operator=The_sizeof_Operator
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2 Cast Operator=Cast_Operator
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2 Multiplicative Operators=Multiplicative_Operators
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2 Additive Operators=Additive_Operators
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2 Bitwise Shift Operators=Bitwise_Shift_Operators
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2 Relational Operators=Relational_Operators
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2 Equality Operators=Equality_Operators
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2 Bitwise AND Operator=Bitwise_AND_Operator
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2 Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator=Bitwise_Exclusive_OR_Operator
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2 Bitwise Inclusive OR Operator=Bitwise_Inclusive_OR_Operator
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2 Logical AND Operator=Logical_AND_Operator
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2 Logical OR Operator=Logical_OR_Operator
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2 Conditional Operator=Conditional_Operator
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3 Assignment Operators
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3 Introduction=Assignment_Operators
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3 Simple Assignment=Simple_Assignment
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3 Compound Assignment=Compound_Assignment
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2 Comma Operator=Comma_Operator
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2 Constant Expressions=Constant_Expressions
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2 Statements
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2 Introduction=Statements
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2 Labelled Statements=Labelled_Statements
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2 Compound Statements=Compound_Statements
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2 Expression Statements=Expression_Statements
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2 Null Statements=Null_Statements
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3 Selection Statements
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3 Introduction=Selection_Statements
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3 The if Statement=The_if_Statement
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3 The switch Statement=The_switch_Statement
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3 Iteration Statements
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3 Introduction=Iteration_Statements
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3 The while Statement=The_while_Statement
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3 The do Statement=The_do_Statement
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3 The for Statement=The_for_Statement
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3 Jump Statements
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3 Introduction=Jump_Statements
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3 The goto Statement=The_goto_Statement
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3 The continue Statement=The_continue_Statement
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3 The break Statement=The_break_Statement
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3 The return Statement=The_return_Statement
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2 Functions
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2 Introduction=Functions
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2 The Body of the Function=The_Body_of_the_Function
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3 Function Prototypes
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3 Introduction=Function_Prototypes
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3 Variable Argument Lists=Variable_Argument_Lists
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2 The Parameters to the Function main=The_Parameters_to_the_Function_main
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2 The Preprocessor
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2 Introduction=The_Preprocessor
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2 The Null Directive=The_Null_Directive
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2 Including Headers and Source Files=Including_Headers_and_Source_Files
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3 Conditionally Including Source Lines
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3 Introduction=Conditionally_Including_Source_Lines
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3 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives=The__ifdef_and__ifndef_Directives
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2 Macro Replacement=Macro_Replacement
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3 Argument Substitution
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3 Introduction=Argument_Substitution
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3 Converting An Argument to a String=Converting_An_Argument_to_a_String
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3 Concatenating Tokens=Concatenating_Tokens
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3 Simple Argument Substitution=Simple_Argument_Substitution
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3 Variable Argument Macros=Variable_Argument_Macros
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3 Rescanning for Further Replacement=Rescanning_for_Further_Replacement
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2 More Examples of Macro Replacement=More_Examples_of_Macro_Replacement
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2 Redefining a Macro=Redefining_a_Macro
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2 Changing the Line Numbering and File Name=Changing_the_Line_Numbering_and_File_Name
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2 Displaying a Diagnostic Message=Displaying_a_Diagnostic_Message
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2 Providing Other Information to the Compiler=Providing_Other_Information_to_the_Compiler
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2 Standard Predefined Macros=Standard_Predefined_Macros
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2 Open Watcom C/16 and C/32 Predefined Macros=Open_Watcom_CD16_and_CD32_Predefined_Macros
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2 The offsetof Macro=The_offsetof_Macro
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2 The NULL Macro=The_NULL_Macro
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2 The Order of Translation
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2 Introduction=The_Order_of_Translation
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2 Modularity
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2 Introduction=Modularity
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2 Reducing Recompilation Time=Reducing_Recompilation_Time
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2 Grouping Code With Related Functionality=Grouping_Code_With_Related_Functionality
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3 Data Hiding
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3 Introduction=Data_Hiding
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3 Complete Data Hiding=Complete_Data_Hiding
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3 Partial Data Hiding=Partial_Data_Hiding
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2 Rewriting and Redesigning Modules=Rewriting_and_Redesigning_Modules
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2 Isolating System Dependent Code in Modules=Isolating_System_Dependent_Code_in_Modules
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2 Writing Portable Programs
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2 Introduction=Writing_Portable_Programs
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2 Isolating System Dependent Code=Isolating_System_Dependent_Code
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2 Beware of Long External Names=Beware_of_Long_External_Names
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2 Avoiding Implementation-Defined Behavior=Avoiding_ImplementationMDefined_Behavior
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2 Ranges of Types=Ranges_of_Types
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2 Special Features=Special_Features
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2 Using the Preprocessor to Aid Portability=Using_the_Preprocessor_to_Aid_Portability
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2 Avoiding Common Pitfalls
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2 Introduction=Avoiding_Common_Pitfalls
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2 Assignment Instead of Comparison=Assignment_Instead_of_Comparison
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2 Unexpected Operator Precedence=Unexpected_Operator_Precedence
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2 Delayed Error From Included File=Delayed_Error_From_Included_File
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2 Extra Semi-colon in Macros=Extra_SemiMcolon_in_Macros
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2 The Dangling else=The_Dangling_else
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2 Missing break in switch Statement=Missing_break_in_switch_Statement
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2 Side-effects in Macros=SideMeffects_in_Macros
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2 Programming Style
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2 Introduction=Programming_Style
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2 Consistency=Consistency
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2 Case Rules for Object and Function Names=Case_Rules_for_Object_and_Function_Names
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2 Choose Appropriate Names=Choose_Appropriate_Names
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2 Indent to Emphasize Structure=Indent_to_Emphasize_Structure
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2 Visually Align Object Declarations=Visually_Align_Object_Declarations
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2 Keep Functions Small=Keep_Functions_Small
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2 Use static for Most Functions=Use_static_for_Most_Functions
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2 Group Static Objects Together=Group_Static_Objects_Together
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2 Do Not Reuse the Names of Static Objects=Do_Not_Reuse_the_Names_of_Static_Objects
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2 Use Included Files to Organize Structures=Use_Included_Files_to_Organize_Structures
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2 Use Function Prototypes=Use_Function_Prototypes
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2 Do Not Do Too Much In One Statement=Do_Not_Do_Too_Much_In_One_Statement
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2 Do Not Use goto Too Much=Do_Not_Use_goto_Too_Much
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2 Use Comments=Use_Comments
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2 Compiler Keywords
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2 Introduction=Compiler_Keywords
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2 Standard Keywords=Standard_Keywords
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2 Open Watcom Extended Keywords=Open_Watcom_Extended_Keywords
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2 Trigraphs
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2 Introduction=Trigraphs
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2 Escape Sequences
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2 Introduction=Escape_Sequences
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2 Operator Precedence
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2 Introduction=Operator_Precedence
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2 Formal C Grammar
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2 Introduction=Formal_C_Grammar
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3 Lexical Grammar
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3 Introduction=Lexical_Grammar
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3 Definition of a Token=Definition_of_a_Token
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3 Definition of a Keyword=Definition_of_a_Keyword
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3 Definition of an Identifier=Definition_of_an_Identifier
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3 Definition of a Constant=Definition_of_a_Constant
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3 Definition of a String Literal=Definition_of_a_String_Literal
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3 Definition of an Operator=Definition_of_an_Operator
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3 Definition of a Punctuator=Definition_of_a_Punctuator
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3 Phrase Structure Grammar
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3 Introduction=Phrase_Structure_Grammar
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3 Definition of Expressions=Definition_of_Expressions
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3 Definition of a Declaration=Definition_of_a_Declaration
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3 Definition of a Statement=Definition_of_a_Statement
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3 External Definitions=External_Definitions
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2 Preprocessing Directives Grammar=Preprocessing_Directives_Grammar
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2 Translation Limits
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2 Introduction=Translation_Limits
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2 Macros for Numerical Limits
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2 Introduction=Macros_for_Numerical_Limits
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2 Numerical Limits for Integer Types=Numerical_Limits_for_Integer_Types
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2 Numerical Limits for Floating-Point Types=Numerical_Limits_for_FloatingMPoint_Types
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2 Implementation-Defined Behavior
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2 Introduction=ImplementationMDefined_Behavior
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2 Translation=Translation
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2 Environment=Environment
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2 Behaviour Concerning Identifiers=Behaviour_Concerning_Identifiers
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2 Characters=Characters
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2 Integers=Integers
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2 Floating Point=Floating_Point
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2 Arrays and Pointers=Arrays_and_Pointers
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2 Registers=Registers
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2 Structures, Unions, Enumerations and Bit-Fields=Structures__Unions__Enumerations_and_BitMFields
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2 Qualifiers=Qualifiers
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2 Declarators=Declarators
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2 Behaviour Concerning Statements=Behaviour_Concerning_Statements
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2 Preprocessing Directives=Preprocessing_Directives
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2 Library Functions=Library_Functions
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2 Examples of Declarations
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2 Introduction=Examples_of_Declarations
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2 Object Declarations=Object_Declarations
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2 Function Declarations=Function_Declarations
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2 _ _far, _ _near and _ _huge Declarations=___far_____near_and____huge_Declarations
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2 _ _interrupt Declarations=___interrupt_Declarations
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2 A Sample Program
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2 Introduction=A_Sample_Program
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2 The memos.h File=The_memos_h_File
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2 The memos.c File=The_memos_c_File
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2 Glossary
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2 Introduction=Glossary
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