///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// FILE: type_traits
//
// =========================================================================
//
//                          Open Watcom Project
//
// Copyright (c) 2004-2010 The Open Watcom Contributors. All Rights Reserved.
//
//    This file is automatically generated. Do not edit directly.
//
// =========================================================================
//
// Description: This header is part of the C++ standard library extentions
//              TR1 as currently defined in n1836
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef _RANDOM_INCLUDED
#define _RANDOM_INCLUDED

#ifndef _ENABLE_AUTODEPEND
 #pragma read_only_file;
#endif

#ifndef __cplusplus
 #error This header file requires C++
#endif

#include <cstdint>

namespace _ow {
     /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * helpers
     */
    template< class T, T x >
    struct bit_count{
        enum{ value = bit_count< T, (x>>1) >::value + (x & 1) };
    };
    template< class T >
    struct bit_count< T, 0 >{
        enum{ value = 0 };
    };
    
    // returns integer part of log base 2 of x
    template< class UIntType, UIntType x >
    struct log_base2{
        enum{ value = log_base2< UIntType, (x>>1) >::value + 1 };
    };
    template< class UIntType >
    struct log_base2< UIntType, 1 >{
        enum{ value = 0 };
    };
    template< class UIntType >
    struct log_base2< UIntType, 0 >{
        //define zero as log(max UIntType + 1)
        enum{ value = sizeof(UIntType)*8 };
    };
    
    
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo multiplication constant by variable
     * main wrapper
     * x and c must be modulo m
     */
    template< class UIntType, UIntType c, UIntType m >
    struct modulo_mult{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType x ){
            //static_assert( (m == 0) || (c < m), "multiplier must be modulo m" );
            //assert x < m 
            modulo_mult_detail< UIntType, m,// c, m
                // spec 1 if m = 2^n, 0 is special case meaning use mod type max + 1
                bit_count< UIntType, m >::value == 1 || ( m == 0 ),
                // spec 2 if c < root m
                c <= m/c, // c*c < m
                // spec 3 if m = 2^n-1
                (m != 0) && (bit_count< UIntType, m+1 >::value == 1) || (bit_count< UIntType, m+1 >::value == 0)
                > mult;
            return( mult(c,x) );
        }
    };
    
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo multiplication 
     * general case - hmm, complicated need to think about this one
     */
    template< class UIntType, UIntType m, bool p2, bool schrage, bool p2_1 >
    struct modulo_mult_detail{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c , UIntType x ){
            //static_assert(0,"not yet implemented");
            //std::cout<<"not yet implemented "<<m<<" "<<c<<" "<<x<<"\n";
            return 0;
        }
    };
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo multiplication 
     * specialised for Schrage's method
     */
    template< class UIntType, UIntType m >
    struct modulo_mult_detail< UIntType, m, false, true, false >{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c, UIntType x ){
            //std::cout<<"Schrage method c="<<c<<" x="<<x<<" m="<<m<<"\n";;
            // Schrage's method
            UIntType const q = m / c;
            UIntType const r = m % c;
            UIntType k = x / q;
            UIntType j = x % q;
            //x = c * ( x % q ) - r * ( x / q );
            UIntType g = c * j;
            UIntType h = r * k;
            //if( g < h ) x = g - h + m;
            //else x = g - h;
            return( (g < h) ? (g - h + m ) : (g - h) );
        }
    };
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo multiplication 
     * specialised for m power of 2
     */
    template< class UIntType, UIntType m,bool b >
    struct modulo_mult_detail< UIntType, m, true, b, false >{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c, UIntType x ){
            //std::cout<<"mult mod power of 2\n";
            return( (c * x) & (m - 1) );
        }
    };
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo multiplication 
     * specialised for m = n^2-k, currently where k 1 
     * !!TODO!! : extend for k is 'small', get rid of long long,
     *            specialise with hand coded assembly
     */
    template< class UIntType, UIntType m, bool b >
    struct modulo_mult_detail< UIntType, m, false, b, true >{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c, UIntType x ){
            //std::cout<<"mult mod power of 2 - 1\n";
            //fix me
            UIntType const n = _ow::log_base2<UIntType, m+1>::value; 
            unsigned long long t = (unsigned long long)c*x;
            unsigned long long t2, t3;
            t2 = t >> n;
            t3 = ( t + t2 + 1 ) >> n;
            t2 = t - t3 * m;
            return( UIntType( t2 ) );
        }
    };
    
    
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo addition constant by variable
     * main wrapper
     * c and x should be mod m to start with
     */
    template< class UIntType, UIntType c, UIntType m >
    struct modulo_add{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType x ){
            modulo_add_detail< UIntType,
                // true if m is power of 2
                bit_count< UIntType, m >::value == 1,
                c == 0
                > add;
            return( add(c,x,m) );
        }
    };
    
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo addition
     * general case
     */
    template< class UIntType, bool b1, bool b2>
    struct modulo_add_detail{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c , UIntType x , UIntType m ){
            // if x + c > m : x = x +c - m, else : x = x + c
            // transform to
            // if x > m - c : x = x - (m-c), else : x = x + c
            // because c < m,  m-c > 0 and no overflows :o)
            UIntType const d = m - c;
            return( ( x > d ) ? ( x - d ) : ( x + c ) );
        }
    };
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo addition
     * specialised for m = n^2
     */
    template< class UIntType >
    struct modulo_add_detail< UIntType, true, false >{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c, UIntType x, UIntType m ){
            return( ( x + c ) & ( m - 1 ) );
        }
    };
    /*---------------------------------------------------------------
     * modulo addition
     * specialised for c = 0
     */
    template< class UIntType >
    struct modulo_add_detail< UIntType, false, true>{
        UIntType operator()( UIntType c, UIntType x, UIntType m ){
            //std::cout<<"mod add 0\n";
            c=c; m=m;
            return( x );
        }
    };
} // namespace _ow


namespace std {
  namespace tr1 {
    
    template< class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m >
    class linear_congruential{
    public:
        // types
        typedef UIntType result_type;
        
        // parameter values
        static const UIntType multiplier = a;
        static const UIntType increment = c;
        static const UIntType modulus = m;
    
        // constructors
        explicit linear_congruential( unsigned long x0 = 1 ) : x(x0) {}
        
        template< class Gen > linear_congruential( Gen& g ){};
        
        // member functions
        void seed( unsigned long x0 = 1 );
        template< class Gen > void seed( Gen& g );
        result_type min() const;
        result_type max() const;
        result_type operator()()
        {// has to be inline, compiler doesn't like non type params at the moment
            // x = ( a * x + c ) % m;
            // x = ( ( a*x ) % m + c ) %m
            _ow::modulo_mult< UIntType, a, m > mm;
            x = mm( x );
            // add the constant
            _ow::modulo_add< UIntType, c, m > aa;
            x = aa( x );
            return( x );
        }
    private:
        UIntType x; // state
    };// end class linear_congruential
    
    // to do - specialise for 2^n - x where x is small and x is 0
    
    typedef std::tr1::linear_congruential< std::tr1::uint32_t, 16807, 0, (1<<31)-1 > minstd_rand0;
    typedef std::tr1::linear_congruential< std::tr1::uint32_t, 48271, 0, (1<<31)-1 > minstd_rand;
    
    
// ===========================================================================
    
    template< class UIntType, int w, int n, int m, int r, UIntType a,
              int u, int s, UIntType b, int t, UIntType c, int l >
    class mersenne_twister{
        public:
        // types
        typedef UIntType result_type;
        // parameter values
        // ??? what is the point of these???
        static const int word_size = w;
        static const int state_size = n;
        static const int shift_size = m;
        static const int mask_bits = r;
        static const UIntType parameter_a = a;
        static const int output_u = u;
        static const int output_s = s;
        static const UIntType output_b = b;
        static const int output_t = t;
        static const UIntType output_c = c;
        static const int output_l = l;
        
        // constructors and member functions
        mersenne_twister() : i(0),i_m(m-1) { seed();}
        explicit mersenne_twister( unsigned long v ) : i(0),i_m(m-1) { seed(v); }
        template<class Gen> mersenne_twister(Gen& g){};
        void seed(){ seed( 5489 ); }
        void seed( unsigned long v )
        {
            // Sets x(-n) to vmod2w. Then, iteratively, sets
            // x(-n+i) = (i+1812433253(x(-n+i-1) xor (x(-n+i-1) rshift (w-2)))mod 2^w
            x[0] = v;
            for( int i = 1; i < n; i++ ){
                UIntType const mask = (1 << (w-1)) + ((1 << (w-1)) - 1);
                x[i] = ( i + 1812433253UL * ( x[i-1] ^ ( x[i-1] >> (w-2) ) ) )
                        & mask;
            }
        }
        //template<class Gen> void seed(Gen& g);
        result_type min() const;
        result_type max() const;
        result_type operator()()
        {
            // see also "Mersenne Twister: A 623-dimensionally equidistributed
            //      uniform pseudorandom number generator"
            // Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura 1998
            
            // I wondered whether calculating blocks at a time is bad on
            // modern processor because of unnecessary comparisons and jumps
            // Little difference on p4 northwood and seems rather tetchy to 
            // differences in way coded/optimisation settings that change order
            // of instruction/regs used
            // Would be interested to see how it fairs on other processors (amd?)
            // see bench/owstl
            
            UIntType y;
            int z, i_1;
            UIntType const um = -1 << r;        // top w-r bits set, low r clear
            UIntType const lm = (1 << r)-1;     // bottom r bits set
            
            // inc i mod n
            i_1 = i + 1;
            z = (signed int)(i_1 - n) >> 31; // z = 0 if overflowed 111... otherwise
            i_1 &= z; 
            
            // inc (i+m) mod n
            i_m++; 
            z = (signed int)(i_m - n) >> 31; // z = 0 if overflowed 111... otherwise
            i_m &= z;
            
            // first part of recurence equation
            y = (x[i] & um) | (x[i_1] & lm);
            
            // multiply by 'matrix A'
            // means xor shifted y with vector a if low bit of y set
            y = (a & -(y&1)) ^ (y>>1);
            
            // finish off equation
            y = x[i_m] ^ y;
            x[i] = y;
            
            // increment state pointer
            i = i_1;
            
            // temper output
            y = y ^ ( y >> u );
            y = y ^ ( y << s ) & b;
            y = y ^ ( y << t ) & c;
            y = y ^ ( y >> l );
            
            return( y );
        }// end operator()
    private:
        UIntType x[n];
        size_t i,i_m;
    };// end mersenne_twister
    
    typedef mersenne_twister< uint32_t,32,624,397,
                              31,0x9908b0df,11,7,0x9d2c5680,
                              15,0xefc60000,18>  mt19937;
    
  } // namespace tr1
} // namespace std

namespace _watcom {
    
    // to do - would like to add WELL generator
    
    /* also see "tables of lenear congruential generators of different sizes
       and good lattice structure" Pierre L'Ecuyer.  
       I guess we could create some statistical tests, try out a few and 
       provide some potetially useful ones here ? */
    
    typedef std::tr1::linear_congruential< std::tr1::uint32_t, 1588635695, 0, (1<<32)-5 > lcg325a;
    typedef std::tr1::linear_congruential< std::tr1::uint64_t, 2862933555777941757, 0, (1<<64) > lcg64a;
    typedef std::tr1::linear_congruential< std::tr1::uint32_t, 2891336453, 1, (1<<32) > lcg32;
    typedef std::tr1::linear_congruential< std::tr1::uint32_t, 37769685, 1, (1<<31) > lcg31;
    // to do
    
    // useful MT typedefs see Matsumoto & Nishimura 1998
    // w, n, m, r, a, u, s, b, t, c, l
    typedef std::tr1::mersenne_twister< std::tr1::uint32_t, 32, 351, 175, 19,
        0xE4BD75F5, 11, 7, 0x655E5280, 15, 0xFFD58000, 17 > mt11213a;
    // to do
    
} // namespace _watcom

#endif