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docs: Building a stdenv package in nix-shell (#216650)

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* docs: Building a stdenv package in nix-shell
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doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md
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@ -95,6 +95,27 @@ installPhase() {
genericBuild
```
### Building a `stdenv` package in `nix-shell` {#sec-building-stdenv-package-in-nix-shell}
To build a `stdenv` package in a [`nix-shell`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/unstable/command-ref/nix-shell.html), use
```bash
nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A some_package
eval ${unpackPhase:-unpackPhase}
cd $sourceRoot
eval ${patchPhase:-patchPhase}
eval ${configurePhase:-configurePhase}
eval ${buildPhase:-buildPhase}
```
To modify a [phase](#sec-stdenv-phases), first print it with
```bash
type buildPhase
```
then change it in a text editor, and paste it back to the terminal.
## Tools provided by `stdenv` {#sec-tools-of-stdenv}
The standard environment provides the following packages: