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Merge pull request #105752 from ryantm/docbook2commonmark-packages-linux

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docs: convert packages/linux docbook -> commonmark
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2
doc/builders/packages/index.xml
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
<xi:include href="emacs.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="ibus.xml" />
<xi:include href="kakoune.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="linux.xml" />
<xi:include href="linux.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="locales.xml" />
<xi:include href="nginx.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="opengl.section.xml" />

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doc/builders/packages/linux.section.md Normal file
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# Linux kernel {#sec-linux-kernel}
The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in [`pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel).
The function that builds the kernel has an argument `kernelPatches` which should be a list of `{name, patch, extraConfig}` attribute sets, where `name` is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernel’s `meta.description` attribute), `patch` is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and `extraConfig` (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (`.config`).
The kernel derivation exports an attribute `features` specifying whether optional functionality is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the `iwlwifi` feature (i.e. has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the external `iwlwifi` package:
```nix
modulesTree = [kernel]
++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
++ ...;
```
How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
1. Copy the old Nix expression (e.g. `linux-2.6.21.nix`) to the new one (e.g. `linux-2.6.22.nix`) and update it.
2. Add the new kernel to `all-packages.nix` (e.g., create an attribute `kernel_2_6_22`).
3. Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (`i686`, `x86_64`, `uml`) do the following:
1. Make an copy from the old config (e.g. `config-2.6.21-i686-smp`) to the new one (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
2. Copy the config file for this platform (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`) to `.config` in the kernel source tree.
3. Run `make oldconfig ARCH={i386,x86_64,um}` and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add `SHELL=bash`.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t enable some feature on `i686` and disable it on `x86_64`).
4. If needed you can also run `make menuconfig`:
```ShellSession
$ nix-env -i ncurses
$ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
$ make menuconfig ARCH=arch
```
5. Copy `.config` over the new config file (e.g. `config-2.6.22-i686-smp`).
4. Test building the kernel: `nix-build -A kernel_2_6_22`. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
5. It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the `linuxPackagesFor` function in `all-packages.nix` (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xml:id="sec-linux-kernel">
<title>Linux kernel</title>
<para>
The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel"><filename>pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel</filename></link>.
</para>
<para>
The function that builds the kernel has an argument <varname>kernelPatches</varname> which should be a list of <literal>{name, patch, extraConfig}</literal> attribute sets, where <varname>name</varname> is the name of the patch (which is included in the kernel’s <varname>meta.description</varname> attribute), <varname>patch</varname> is the patch itself (possibly compressed), and <varname>extraConfig</varname> (optional) is a string specifying extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file (<filename>.config</filename>).
</para>
<para>
The kernel derivation exports an attribute <varname>features</varname> specifying whether optional functionality is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the <varname>iwlwifi</varname> feature (i.e. has built-in support for Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the external <varname>iwlwifi</varname> package:
<programlisting>
modulesTree = [kernel]
++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
++ ...;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Copy the old Nix expression (e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.21.nix</filename>) to the new one (e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.22.nix</filename>) and update it.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add the new kernel to <filename>all-packages.nix</filename> (e.g., create an attribute <varname>kernel_2_6_22</varname>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform (<literal>i686</literal>, <literal>x86_64</literal>, <literal>uml</literal>) do the following:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Make an copy from the old config (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.21-i686-smp</filename>) to the new one (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Copy the config file for this platform (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>) to <filename>.config</filename> in the kernel source tree.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Run <literal>make oldconfig ARCH=<replaceable>{i386,x86_64,um}</replaceable></literal> and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also add <literal>SHELL=bash</literal>.) Make sure to keep the configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t enable some feature on <literal>i686</literal> and disable it on <literal>x86_64</literal>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If needed you can also run <literal>make menuconfig</literal>:
<screen>
<prompt>$ </prompt>nix-env -i ncurses
<prompt>$ </prompt>export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
<prompt>$ </prompt>make menuconfig ARCH=<replaceable>arch</replaceable></screen>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Copy <filename>.config</filename> over the new config file (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Test building the kernel: <literal>nix-build -A kernel_2_6_22</literal>. If it compiles, ship it! For extra credit, try booting NixOS with it.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the <varname>linuxPackagesFor</varname> function in <filename>all-packages.nix</filename> (such as the NVIDIA drivers, AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions around.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</section>