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@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ There is a [dedicated chatroom](https://matrix.to/#/#forgejo-ci:matrix.org). A m
## Table of content
- Setting up a new [K8S/DRBD/NFS k8s node](k8s.md)
- Maintenance and disaster recovery of a [K8S/DRBD/NFS k8s node](k8s-maintenance.md)
- K8S cluster [files and documentation](https://code.forgejo.org/infrastructure/k8s-cluster)
- Setting up a new [LXC/DRBD Host](lxc.md)
- Managing services with a [LXC/DRBD/nginx stack](drbd-nginx-lxc.md)
- Installing a [Forgejo instance in the K8S cluster](k8s-forgejo.md)
- Installing a [Forgejo runner in an LXC container](runner-lxc.md)
- Managing the [Octopuce host](octopuce.md)
@ -319,12 +317,6 @@ stream {
Dedicated to https://codeberg.org/forgejo-contrib/forgejo-helm and running from an ephemeral disk
## hetzner{05,06}
https://hetzner05.forgejo.org & https://hetzner06.forgejo.org run on [EX44](https://www.hetzner.com/dedicated-rootserver/ex44) Hetzner hardware.
Nodes of [a k8s cluster](k8s.md).
## Uberspace
The website https://forgejo.org is hosted at

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apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: ClusterIssuer
metadata:
name: letsencrypt-http
spec:
acme:
email: contact@forgejo.org
server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
privateKeySecretRef:
name: letsencrypt-http
solvers:
- http01:
ingress:
class: traefik

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apiVersion: metallb.io/v1beta1
kind: IPAddressPool
metadata:
name: first-pool
spec:
addresses:
- $failover_ipv4/32
- $failover_ipv6/128

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apiVersion: helm.cattle.io/v1
kind: HelmChart
metadata:
name: nfs
namespace: default
spec:
chart: nfs-subdir-external-provisioner
repo: https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner
targetNamespace: default
set:
nfs.server: $node_nfs_server
nfs.path: /k8s
storageClass.name: nfs

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@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: $pvc_name
spec:
capacity:
storage: $pvc_capacity
nfs:
server: $node_nfs_server
path: /k8s/$pvc_name
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
storageClassName: nfs
mountOptions:
- noatime
- nfsvers=4.2
volumeMode: Filesystem
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: $pvc_name
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: $pvc_capacity
volumeName: $pvc_name
storageClassName: nfs
volumeMode: Filesystem

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node_drbd_shared_secret=***
node_k8s_token=none

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#!/bin/bash
SELF_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
if ${VERBOSE:-false}; then
set -ex
PS4='${BASH_SOURCE[0]}:$LINENO: ${FUNCNAME[0]}: '
else
set -e
fi
source $SELF_DIR/variables.sh
source $SELF_DIR/secrets.sh
set -o pipefail
self_node=$(hostname | sed -e 's/hetzner0//')
interface=${node_interface[$self_node]}
dependencies="retry etckeeper"
if ! which $dependencies >&/dev/null; then
sudo apt-get -q install -qq -y $dependencies
fi
function setup_ufw() {
sudo apt-get -q install -qq -y ufw
sudo ufw --force reset
sudo ufw default allow incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw default allow routed
for from in $nodes; do
for to in $nodes; do
if test $from != $to; then
for v in ipv4 ipv6; do
eval from_ip=\${node_$v[$from]}
eval to_ip=\${node_$v[$to]}
sudo ufw allow in on $interface from $from_ip to $to_ip
done
fi
done
done
for host_ip in ${node_ipv4[$self_node]} ${node_ipv6[$self_node]}; do
sudo ufw allow in on $interface to $host_ip port 22 proto tcp
sudo ufw deny in on $interface log-all to $host_ip
done
for public_ip in $failover_ipv4 $failover_ipv6; do
sudo ufw allow in on $interface to $public_ip port 22,80,443,2000:3000 proto tcp
sudo ufw deny in on $interface log-all to $public_ip
done
sudo ufw enable
sudo systemctl start ufw
sudo systemctl enable ufw
sudo ufw status verbose
}
function setup_drbd() {
if ! test -f /etc/network/interfaces.d/drbd; then
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/network/interfaces.d/drbd
auto $interface.$node_drbd_vlan
iface $interface.$node_drbd_vlan inet static
address $node_drbd_ipv4_prefix.$self_node
netmask 255.255.255.0
vlan-raw-device $interface
mtu 1400
EOF
sudo ifup $interface.$node_drbd_vlan
fi
sudo apt-get install -y drbd-utils
res_file=/etc/drbd.d/$node_drbd_resource.res
if ! sudo test -f $res_file; then
(
cat <<EOF
resource $node_drbd_resource {
net {
# A : write completion is determined when data is written to the local disk and the local TCP transmission buffer
# B : write completion is determined when data is written to the local disk and remote buffer cache
# C : write completion is determined when data is written to both the local disk and the remote disk
protocol C;
cram-hmac-alg sha1;
# any secret key for authentication among nodes
shared-secret "$node_drbd_shared_secret";
}
disk {
resync-rate 100M;
}
EOF
for node in $nodes; do
cat <<EOF
on hetzner0$node {
address $node_drbd_ipv4_prefix.$node:7788;
volume 0 {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk ${node_drbd_device[$node]};
meta-disk internal;
}
}
EOF
done
cat <<EOF
}
EOF
) | sudo tee $res_file
fi
if ! sudo drbdadm status $node_drbd_resource >&/dev/null; then
sudo drbdadm create-md $node_drbd_resource
sudo systemctl enable drbd
sudo systemctl start drbd
fi
if ! grep --quiet '^/dev/drbd0 /precious' /etc/fstab; then
echo /dev/drbd0 /precious ext4 noauto,noatime,defaults 0 0 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo mkdir -p /precious
fi
}
function setup_nfs() {
sudo apt-get install -y nfs-kernel-server nfs-common
if ! test -f /etc/network/interfaces.d/nfs; then
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/network/interfaces.d/nfs
auto $interface.$node_nfs_vlan
iface $interface.$node_nfs_vlan inet static
address $node_nfs_ipv4_prefix.$self_node
netmask 255.255.255.0
vlan-raw-device $interface
mtu 1400
EOF
sudo ifup $interface.$node_nfs_vlan
fi
if ! grep --quiet '^/precious' /etc/exports; then
cat <<EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/exports
/precious $node_nfs_ipv4_prefix.0/24(rw,fsid=0,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
/precious/k8s $node_nfs_ipv4_prefix.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check)
EOF
sudo exportfs -va || true # it does not matter if the expored dirs do not exist, they will
sudo exportfs -s
fi
}
function setup_k8s() {
existing=$1
if ! test -f /etc/network/interfaces.d/k8s; then
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/network/interfaces.d/k8s
auto $interface.$node_k8s_vlan
iface $interface.$node_k8s_vlan inet static
address $node_k8s_ipv4_prefix.$self_node
netmask 255.255.0.0
vlan-raw-device $interface
mtu 1400
up ip addr add $node_k8s_ipv6_prefix::$self_node/48 dev $interface.$node_k8s_vlan
up ip addr add $failover_ipv4/$failover_ipv4_range dev $interface
up ip addr add $failover_ipv6/$failover_ipv6_range dev $interface
EOF
sudo ifup $interface.$node_k8s_vlan
fi
if ! grep --quiet 'export KUBECONFIG' ~/.bashrc; then
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml" >>~/.bashrc
fi
#
# To upgrade, systemctl stop k3s before running this. A node
# that is already part of a cluster does not need the --token
# or --server so there is no need to provide the number of an
# existing node.
#
if ! sudo systemctl --quiet is-active k3s; then
args=""
if test "$existing"; then
if ! test "$node_k8s_token"; then
echo "obtain the token from node $existing with sudo cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/token and set node_k8s_token= in secrets.sh"
exit 1
fi
args="$args --token $node_k8s_token --server https://$node_k8s_ipv4_prefix.$existing:6443"
fi
if test "$self_node" = $node_k8s_etcd; then
args="$args --disable-apiserver --disable-controller-manager --disable-scheduler"
fi
export INSTALL_K3S_VERSION=$K3S_VERSION
curl -fL https://get.k3s.io | sh -s - server $args --cluster-init --disable=servicelb --disable=traefik --write-kubeconfig-mode=600 --node-ip=$node_k8s_ipv4_prefix.$self_node,$node_k8s_ipv6_prefix::$self_node $node_k8s_cidr --flannel-ipv6-masq
if test "$self_node" = $node_k8s_etcd; then
retry --times 20 -- kubectl taint nodes $(hostname) key1=value1:NoSchedule
fi
if test "$self_node" != $node_k8s_etcd; then
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/main/scripts/get-helm-3 | bash -
fi
fi
}
function setup_k8s_apply() {
retry --delay 30 --times 10 -- bash -c "$SELF_DIR/subst.sh $1 | kubectl apply --server-side=true -f -"
}
function setup_k8s_traefik() {
# https://github.com/traefik/traefik-helm-chart?tab=readme-ov-file#deploying-traefik
$SELF_DIR/subst.sh traefik.yml | helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system traefik -f - --set installCRDs=true --version $TRAEFIK_VERSION oci://ghcr.io/traefik/helm/traefik
setup_k8s_apply traefik-rate-limit.yml
}
function setup_k8s_nfs() {
setup_k8s_apply nfs.yml
}
function setup_k8s_metallb() {
helm repo add metallb https://metallb.github.io/metallb
helm upgrade --install metallb --set installCRDs=true metallb/metallb
setup_k8s_apply metallb.yml
}
function setup_k8s_certmanager() {
helm upgrade --install mycertmanager --set installCRDs=true oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts/cert-manager
setup_k8s_apply certmanager.yml
}
function setup_k8s_pvc() {
export pvc_name=$1
export pvc_capacity=$2
export pvc_owner=$3
sudo mount -o nfsvers=4.2 $node_nfs_server:/k8s /opt
sudo mkdir -p /opt/$pvc_name
sudo chown $pvc_owner:$pvc_owner /opt/$pvc_name
sudo umount /opt
setup_k8s_apply pvc.yml
}
"$@"

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#!/bin/bash
SELF_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
source $SELF_DIR/variables.sh
eval "cat <<EOF
$(<$1)
EOF
"

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apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: forgejo-ratelimit
spec:
# https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v3.1/middlewares/http/ratelimit/
rateLimit:
average: 10
burst: 20

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deployment:
replicas: 2
ports:
web:
port: 80
redirectTo:
port: websecure
priority: 1
ssh-next:
port: 2020
exposedPort: 2020
# https://github.com/traefik/traefik-helm-chart/blob/v32.1.1/traefik/values.yaml#L611-L614
expose:
default: true
service:
annotations:
metallb.universe.tf/loadBalancerIPs: $failover_ipv4,$failover_ipv6
spec:
externalTrafficPolicy: Local
ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
logs:
general:
level: INFO
access:
enabled: true
fields:
headers:
# https://github.com/traefik/traefik-helm-chart/blob/v32.1.1/traefik/values.yaml#L365-L369
names:
User-Agent: keep

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#!/bin/bash
K3S_VERSION=v1.30.5+k3s1
TRAEFIK_VERSION=32.1.1
nodes="5 6"
node_interface=(
[3]=enp5s0
[5]=enp5s0
[6]=enp5s0
)
node_ipv4=(
[5]=88.198.58.177
[6]=65.108.204.171
)
node_ipv6=(
[5]=2a01:4f8:222:507::2
[6]=2a01:4f9:1a:a082::2
)
failover_ipv4=188.40.16.47
failover_ipv4_range=32
failover_ipv6=2a01:4f8:fff2:48::2
failover_ipv6_range=48
node_drbd_vlan=4000
node_drbd_resource=r1
node_drbd_ipv4_prefix=10.53.100
node_drbd_device=(
[5]=/dev/nvme0n1
[6]=/dev/nvme0n1
)
node_nfs_vlan=4001
node_nfs_ipv4_prefix=10.53.101
node_nfs_server=$node_nfs_ipv4_prefix.100
node_k8s_vlan=4002
node_k8s_ipv4_prefix=10.88.1
node_k8s_ipv6_prefix=fd10
node_k8s_cidr="--cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16,fd01::/48 --service-cidr=10.43.0.0/16,fd02::/112"
node_k8s_etcd=3

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# Forgejo k8s instance
[forgejo](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-helm/forgejo-helm) configuration in [ingress](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-helm/forgejo-helm#ingress) for the reverse proxy (`traefik`) to route the domain and for the ACME issuer (`cert-manager`) to obtain a certificate. And in [service](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-helm/forgejo-helm#service) for the `ssh` port to be bound to the desired IPs of the load balancer (`metallb`). A [PVC](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-helm/forgejo-helm#persistence) is created on the networked storage.
## Secrets
### New
- `cp forgejo-secrets.yml.example $name-secrets.yml`
- edit
- `kubectl create secret generic forgejo-$name-secrets --from-file=value=$name-secrets.yml`
### Existing
- `kubectl get secret forgejo-$name-secrets -o json | jq -r '.data.value' | base64 -d > $name-secrets.yml`
## Storage
- `../k3s-host/setup.sh setup_k8s_pvc forgejo-$name 4Gi 1000`
## Pod
- `../k3s-host/subst.sh forgejo-values.yml | helm upgrade forgejo-$name -f - -f $name-values.yml -f crawler-block-values.yml -f $name-secrets.yml oci://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-helm/forgejo --atomic --wait --install`

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extraDeploy:
- apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
# https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v3.1/routing/providers/kubernetes-crd/#kind-ingressroute
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: forgejo-crawler
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
- websecure
routes:
# https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v3.1/routing/routers/#rule
- match: Host(`next.forgejo.org`) && HeaderRegexp(`user-agent`, `DataForSeoBot`)
kind: Rule
priority: 1000
services:
- name: noop@internal
kind: TraefikService
middlewares:
- name: forgejo-crawler-blocker
tls:
secretName: tls-forgejo-next-ingress-http
- apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: forgejo-crawler-blocker
spec:
ipAllowList:
sourceRange:
- 127.0.0.1/32

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gitea:
admin:
password: "***"
config:
mailer:
PASSWD: "***"

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strategy:
type: 'Recreate'
ingress:
enabled: true
annotations:
# https://cert-manager.io/docs/usage/ingress/#supported-annotations
# https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/issues/2239
cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-http
cert-manager.io/private-key-algorithm: ECDSA
cert-manager.io/private-key-size: 384
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
service:
http:
type: ClusterIP
ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
clusterIP: ~
ssh:
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: ~
ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
redis-cluster:
enabled: false
postgresql:
enabled: false
postgresql-ha:
enabled: false
persistence:
enabled: true
create: false

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image:
registry: codeberg.org
repository: forgejo-experimental/forgejo
tag: '8.0-test'
rootless: false
ingress:
annotations:
# https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v3.1/routing/providers/kubernetes-ingress/#on-ingress
# reference middlewares via `<namspace>-<name>@kubernetescrd`
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares: default-forgejo-ratelimit@kubernetescrd
tls:
- hosts:
- next.forgejo.org
secretName: tls-forgejo-next-ingress-http
hosts:
- host: next.forgejo.org
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
service:
ssh:
port: ssh
extraDeploy:
# Route from traefik to forgejo
- apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: forgejo-next-ssh
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
entryPoints:
- ssh-next # name from traefik port
routes:
- match: HostSNI(`*`)
services:
- name: forgejo-next-ssh
port: 2222 # forgejo ssh port on kubernetes service
persistence:
claimName: forgejo-next
gitea:
admin:
username: earl-warren
email: 'contact@earl-warren.org'
config:
APP_NAME: "Forgejo v8.0 demo"
APP_SLOGAN: "ARCHIVED USE v8.next.forgejo.org instead"
APP_DISPLAY_NAME_FORMAT: "{APP_NAME} [{APP_SLOGAN}]"
log:
LEVEL: "info"
server:
ROOT_URL: https://next.forgejo.org/
DOMAIN: next.forgejo.org
SSH_DOMAIN: next.forgejo.org
SSH_PORT: "2020"
LFS_START_SERVER: true
OFFLINE_MODE: true
repository:
ROOT: /data/git/repositories
service:
REGISTER_EMAIL_CONFIRM: true
DEFAULT_KEEP_EMAIL_PRIVATE: true
ENABLE_NOTIFY_MAIL: true
DISABLE_REGISTRATION: true
actions:
ENABLED: false
mirror:
ENABLED: false
federation:
ENABLED: true
admin:
SEND_NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_ON_NEW_USER: true
cors:
ENABLED: true
ALLOW_DOMAIN: "*"
HEADERS: "Access-Control-Allow-Origin"
mailer:
ENABLED: true
FROM: "noreply@forgejo.org"
PROTOCOL: "smtp+starttls"
SMTP_ADDR: "ssl0.ovh.net"
SMTP_PORT: "587"
USER: "next@forgejo.org"
database:
PATH: /data/gitea.db
DB_TYPE: sqlite3
session:
PROVIDER: db
cache:
ADAPTER: memory
queue:
TYPE: level
indexer:
REPO_INDEXER_ENABLED: true
cron.archive_cleanup:
SCHEDULE: "@hourly"
OLDER_THAN: "2h"

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# Disaster recovery and maintenance
## When a machine or disk is scheduled for replacement.
* `kubectl drain hetzner05` # evacuate all the pods out of the node to be shutdown
* `kubectl taint nodes hetzner05 key1=value1:NoSchedule` # prevent any pod from being created there (metallb speaker won't be drained, for instance)
* `kubectl delete node hetzner05` # let the cluster know it no longer exists so a new one by the same name can replace it
## Routing the failover IP
When the machine to which the failover IP (failover.forgejo.org) is routed is unavailable or to be shutdown, to the [Hetzner server panel](https://robot.hetzner.com/server), to the IPs tab and change the route of the failover IP to another node. All nodes are configured with the failover IP, there is nothing else to do.
## Manual boot operations
### On the machine that runs the NFS server
* `sudo drbdadm primary r1` # Switch the DRBD to primary
* `sudo mount /precious` # DRBD volume shared via NFS
* `sudo ip addr add 10.53.101.100/24 dev enp5s0.4001` # add NFS server IP
### On the other machines
* `sudo ip addr del 10.53.101.100/24 dev enp5s0.4001` # remove NFS server IP

107
k8s.md
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# K8S node
Installing a K8S node using [scripts from the k3s-host](k3s-host) directory.
## Imaging
Using installimage from the rescue instance.
- `wipefs -fa /dev/nvme*n1`
- `installimage -r no -n hetzner0?`
- Debian bookworm
- `PART / ext4 100G`
- `PART /srv ext4 all`
- ESC 0 + yes
- reboot
Partitioning.
- First disk
- OS
- non precious data such as the LXC containers with runners.
- Second disk
- a partition configured with DRBD
Debian user.
- `ssh root@hetzner0?.forgejo.org`
- `useradd --shell /bin/bash --create-home --groups sudo debian`
- `mkdir -p /home/debian/.ssh ; cp -a .ssh/authorized_keys /home/debian/.ssh ; chown -R debian /home/debian/.ssh`
- in `/etc/sudoers` edit `%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL`
## Install helpers
Each node is identifed by the last digit of the hostname.
```sh
sudo apt-get install git etckeeper
git clone https://code.forgejo.org/infrastructure/documentation
cd documentation/k3s-host
cp variables.sh.example variables.sh
cp secrets.sh.example secrets.sh
```
Variables that must be set depending on the role of the node.
- first server node
- secrets.sh: node_drbd_shared_secret
- other server node
- secrets.sh: node_drbd_shared_secret
- secrets.sh: node_k8s_token: content of /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/token on the first node
- variables.sh: node_k8s_existing: identifier of the first node (e.g. 5)
- etcd node
- secrets.sh: node_k8s_token: content of /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/token on the first node
- variables.sh: node_k8s_existing: identifier of the first node (e.g. 5)
- variables.sh: node_k8s_etcd: identifier of the node whose role is just etcd (e.g. 3)
The other variables depend on the setup.
## Firewall
`./setup.sh setup_ufw`
## DRBD
DRBD is [configured](https://linbit.com/drbd-user-guide/drbd-guide-9_0-en/#p-work) with:
`./setup.sh setup_drbd`
Once two nodes have DRBD setup for the first time, it can be initialized by [pretending all is in sync](https://linbit.com/drbd-user-guide/drbd-guide-9_0-en/#s-skip-initial-resync) to save the initial bitmap sync since there is actually no data at all.
```sh
sudo drbdadm primary r1
sudo drbdadm new-current-uuid --clear-bitmap r1/0
sudo mount /precious
```
## NFS
`./setup.sh setup_nfs`
On the node that has the DRBD volume `/precious` mounted, set the IP of the NFS server to be used by k8s:
```sh
sudo ip addr add 10.53.101.100/24 dev enp5s0.4001
```
## K8S
For the first node `./setup.sh setup_k8s`. For nodes joining the cluster `./setup.sh setup_k8s 6` where `hetzner06` is an existing node.
- [metallb](https://metallb.universe.tf) instead of the default load balancer because it does not allow for a public IP different from the `k8s` node IP.
`./setup.sh setup_k8s_metallb`
- [traefik](https://traefik.io/) [v2.10](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v3.1/) installed from the [v25.0](https://github.com/traefik/traefik-helm-chart/tree/v31.1.1) helm chart.
`./setup.sh setup_k8s_traefik`
- [cert-manager](https://cert-manager.io/).
`./setup.sh setup_k8s_certmanager`
- NFS storage class
`./setup.sh setup_k8s_nfs`
## K8S NFS storage creation
Define the 20GB `forgejo-data` pvc owned by user id 1000.
```sh
./setup.sh setup_k8s_pvc forgejo-data 20Gi 1000
```