diff --git a/api/src/models/Track.js b/api/src/models/Track.js
index 6a5809e..8e16293 100644
--- a/api/src/models/Track.js
+++ b/api/src/models/Track.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+const crypto = require('crypto');
 const mongoose = require('mongoose');
 const _ = require('lodash');
 const uniqueValidator = require('mongoose-unique-validator');
@@ -82,6 +83,12 @@ const schema = new mongoose.Schema(
       },
     },
 
+    // A hash of the original file's contents. Nobody can upload the same track twice.
+    originalFileHash: {
+      type: String,
+      required: true,
+    },
+
     // Where the files are stored, relative to a group directory like
     // TRACKS_DIR or PROCESSING_DIR.
     filePath: String,
@@ -94,6 +101,8 @@ const schema = new mongoose.Schema(
   { timestamps: true },
 );
 
+schema.index({ author: 1, originalFileHash: 1 }, { unique: true });
+
 schema.plugin(uniqueValidator, { message: 'is already taken' });
 
 schema.pre('validate', async function (next) {
@@ -184,6 +193,19 @@ class Track extends mongoose.Model {
     await fs.promises.writeFile(this.getOriginalFilePath(), fileBody);
   }
 
+  async validateFileBodyUniqueness(fileBody) {
+    // Generate hash
+    const hash = crypto.createHash('sha512').update(fileBody).digest('hex');
+
+    const existingTracks = await Track.find({ originalFileHash: hash, author: this.author });
+    if (existingTracks.length === 0 || (existingTracks.length === 1 && existingTracks[0]._id.equals(this._id))) {
+      this.originalFileHash = hash;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw new Error('Track file already uploaded.');
+  }
+
   /**
    * Marks this track as needing processing.
    *
diff --git a/api/src/routes/api/tracks.js b/api/src/routes/api/tracks.js
index 1b5631e..50bb5de 100644
--- a/api/src/routes/api/tracks.js
+++ b/api/src/routes/api/tracks.js
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ router.post(
     track.slugify();
 
     if (fileBody) {
+      await track.validateFileBodyUniqueness(fileBody)
       track.uploadedByUserAgent = normalizeUserAgent(req.headers['user-agent']);
       track.originalFileName = fileInfo.body ? fileInfo.body.filename : track.slug + '.csv';
       await track.writeToOriginalFile(fileBody)
@@ -256,6 +257,7 @@ router.put(
     }
 
     if (fileBody) {
+      await track.validateFileBodyUniqueness(fileBody)
       track.originalFileName = fileInfo.body ? fileInfo.body.filename : track.slug + '.csv';
       track.uploadedByUserAgent = normalizeUserAgent(req.headers['user-agent']);
       await track.writeToOriginalFile(fileBody)