7.4 KiB
7.4 KiB
Planetary/Moon data table
| Name | Radius (km) | Mean orbit radius (km) |
|---|---|---|
| Earth | 6371 | 149,598,023 |
| Jupiter | 69,911 | 778,479,000 |
| Metis | 21.5 | 128,000 |
| Adrastea | 8.2 | 129,000 |
| Amalthea | 83.5 | 181,365 |
| Thebe | 49.3 | 221,889 |
| Luna | 1737 | 384,399 |
| Io | 1822 | 421,700 |
| Europa | 1561 | 670,900 |
| Ganymede | 2634 | 1,070,400 |
| Callisto | 2410 | 1,883,000 |
| Himalia (largest irregular) | 85 | 11,460,000 |
Missions to Jupiter
- Galileo orbiter (1995-2003)
- Juno orbiter (2016-now)
- Auroras
- Magnetic Field
- Map atmosphere composition
- New Horizons flyby (2007)
- Atmosphere conditions
- Photos of moons
- Europa Clipper orbiter (arrives 2030)
- Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer orbiter (arrives 2031)
Magnetosphere
Atmosphere
- 1 Pa = 1N/m² = 1kg/(m*s²)
- 1 bar = 100,000 Pa
- Earth sea level: 1.013 bar = 1013 hPa
Jupiter
- SRC1: Thermal structure of Jupiter's atmosphere near the edge of a 5µm hot spot in the north equatorial belt
- SRC2: NASA Jupiter Fact Sheet
- SRC3: "THE INTERIORS OF JUPITER AND SATURN" by Ravit Helled
Based on Table 8 from SRC1, with additional values for altitude=0 from SRC2 and interior density values from SRC3:
| Altitude (km) | Pressure (bar) | Temperature (K) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1029.2 | 9.63E-10 | 899.9 | 2.58E-11 |
| 1020 | 1.02E-09 | 903.4 | 2.71E-11 |
| 1000 | 1.15E-09 | 897 | 3.08E-11 |
| 980 | 1.30E-09 | 883.9 | 3.54E-11 |
| 960 | 1.47E-09 | 872.2 | 4.06E-11 |
| 940 | 1.66E-09 | 866 | 4.64E-11 |
| 920 | 1.89E-09 | 865.4 | 5.26E-11 |
| 900 | 2.14E-09 | 869.1 | 5.95E-11 |
| 880 | 2.43E-09 | 875.2 | 6.70E-11 |
| 860 | 2.75E-09 | 881.4 | 7.54E-11 |
| 840 | 3.11E-09 | 885.2 | 8.50E-11 |
| 820 | 3.52E-09 | 884.4 | 9.64E-11 |
| 800 | 3.99E-09 | 877.2 | 1.10E-10 |
| 780 | 4.53E-09 | 862.2 | 1.27E-10 |
| 760 | 5.15E-09 | 840 | 1.49E-10 |
| 740 | 5.89E-09 | 812 | 1.76E-10 |
| 720 | 6.77E-09 | 776.1 | 2.12E-10 |
| 700 | 7.83E-09 | 741 | 2.57E-10 |
| 680 | 9.12E-09 | 712.8 | 3.11E-10 |
| 660 | 1.07E-08 | 692.7 | 3.76E-10 |
| 640 | 1.26E-08 | 680.2 | 4.51E-10 |
| 620 | 1.48E-08 | 674.6 | 5.36E-10 |
| 600 | 1.75E-08 | 669.8 | 6.39E-10 |
| 580 | 2.06E-08 | 670.3 | 7.56E-10 |
| 560 | 2.45E-08 | 664 | 9.05E-10 |
| 540 | 2.90E-08 | 642.4 | 1.11E-09 |
| 520 | 3.48E-08 | 594.3 | 1.45E-09 |
| 500 | 4.26E-08 | 545.9 | 1.94E-09 |
| 480 | 5.27E-08 | 535.8 | 2.46E-09 |
| 460 | 6.52E-08 | 535.7 | 3.06E-09 |
| 440 | 8.15E-08 | 483.1 | 4.28E-09 |
| 420 | 1.07E-07 | 392.9 | 6.99E-09 |
| 400 | 1.46E-07 | 370.2 | 1.02E-08 |
| 380 | 2.11E-07 | 289.2 | 1.92E-08 |
| 360 | 3.37E-07 | 231.7 | 3.89E-08 |
| 340 | 6.04E-07 | 198.6 | 8.25E-08 |
| 320 | 1.15E-06 | 194.2 | 1.63E-07 |
| 300 | 2.18E-06 | 177.6 | 3.42E-07 |
| 280 | 4.80E-06 | 152.8 | 8.71E-07 |
| 260 | 1.09E-05 | 151 | 2.01E-06 |
| 240 | 2.48E-05 | 155.7 | 4.42E-06 |
| 220 | 5.59E-05 | 157.2 | 9.88E-06 |
| 200 | 1.26E-04 | 158.2 | 2.21E-05 |
| 180 | 2.82E-04 | 157.4 | 4.98E-05 |
| 160 | 6.19E-04 | 168.6 | 0.000102 |
| 140 | 1.34E-03 | 160.5 | 0.0002325 |
| 120 | 3.08E-03 | 149.8 | 0.000571 |
| 100 | 7.18E-03 | 158.1 | 0.001261 |
| 80 | 1.64E-02 | 143.8 | 0.003168 |
| 60 | 4.37E-02 | 122.6 | 0.009915 |
| 40 | 1.36E-01 | 113.2 | 0.03335 |
| 23.3 | 3.52E-01 | 122.9 | 0.07945 |
| 0 | 1 | 165 | 0.16 |
| -62000 | ? | ? | 4500 |
| -62500 | ? | ? | 20000 |
| -70000 | ? | ? | 25000 |
Regression analysis
Pressure:
- 500km-1029.2km:
p[bar](x[m]) = exp(-13.3961516218 - 0.0000071595 * x) - 200km-500km:
p[bar](x[m]) = exp(-3.4340885227 - 0.0000277865 * x) - 0km-200km:
p[bar](x[m]) = exp(-0.0020248515 - 0.0000454102 * x) - <0km:
p[bar](x[m]) = -(1.45773e-16) * x^3 + 1(low-effort cubic regression on[(-70000km, 50Mbar), (0m, 1bar)])
Density:
- 500km-1029.2km:
rho[kg/m³](x[m]) = exp(-15.98781474626208 - 0.00000816092074*x) - 200km-500km:
rho[kg/m³](x[m]) = exp(-4.22487505187567 - 0.00003251947782*x) - 0km-200km:
rho[kg/m³](x[m]) = exp(-1.83275074106303 - 0.00004486861245*x) - -62000km-0km:
rho[kg/m³](x[m]) = -0.0000725781*x + 0.16(linear regression) - -70000km-62000km:
rho[kg/m³](x[m]) = 25000.0 / (1 + exp(0.00000580528 * x + 361.44394)))(logistic regression)
Designing the in-game atmosphere
New mechanics:
- Ambient Pressure
- Depends on altitude
- Temperature
- Ambient temperature
- Space suit temperature
- Vehicle temperature
- Air temperature inside?
- Wind
- Hydrogen (resource)?
Relations between mechanics:
- Pressure decelerates you
- relative to the motion of the planet plus the wind
- scaled by your surface area
- Ambient temperature heats up suit/vehicle temperature, depending on density
- Buoyancy: upward acceleration depending on densities (yours and ambient), altitude (gravitational acceleration), and your mass
- Negligible for any current vehicles but could be cool for zeppelins
- Drag? (with different drag coefficients depending on vehicle and angle)
- Death at pressure of ~400 bar through implosion (depending on vehicle)
- Death at high temperatures through continuous damage when temperature exceeds 60°C
- Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water, used for evaporative cooling (works only at right pressure/temperature)
- Refill Hydrogen inside Jupiter's atmosphere
Io
- Video of Tvashtar volcano: https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09665
Chemistry
- Oxygen
- Hydrogen
Uses
- Oxygen
- Breathing
- Hydrogen
- Thruster fuel? (reacting with O2?)
- Ion engine?
- Water (H2O)
- Evaporative cooling?
- Hydrogen Peroxide? (H2O2)
- Does this have any uses?